Fiefdom Project

Introduction

This trimester we will be researching castles on how it was built and its architecture. After we do all our research on the castle will be split up into different groups to build that specific part of the castle on Minecraft.

Vocabulary  

1. Fiefdom- a fief
2. Feudalism-the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
3. Monarch-a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor
4. Lord -someone or something having power, authority, or influence; a master or ruler
5. Vassal -a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance
6. Knight- a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.
7. Peasant -a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).
8. Commoner -an ordinary person, without rank or title
9. Serf- an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate
10. Tradesman-a person engaged in trading or a trade, typically on a relatively small scale
11. Merchant- A merchant is a businessperson who trades in commodities produced by others, in order to earn a profit
12. Castle -a large building or group of buildings fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and in many cases a moat.
13. Moat-a deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort, or town, typically filled with water and intended as a defense against attack
14. Guild -a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power
15. Abbey-the building or buildings occupied by a community of monks or nuns
16. High Middle Ages-The High Middle Ages or High Medieval Period was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (c. 1001–1300)
17. 100 Year's War-A war between France and England that lasted from the middle of the fourteenth century to the middle of the fifteenth
18. Black Death-The Black Death was an epidemic of bubonicplague, a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that circulates among wild rodents where they live in great numbers and density

Question and Answer 

1. Who were the people dependent upon?                                                                            The people were dependent upon the monarch/ lord           
2. Where did they choose to build? And why?                                                                       They bulid next to the river for defense 
3. What was the first ring of the castle called?                                                                       The first ring of the castle defenses
4. How long with the walls be on the outer curtain?                                                              The walls on the outer curtain will be 300 ft. long 
5. How thick was the inner curtain? How high?                                                                     The inner curtain is 12ft, 35ft high 
6.  Make a sketch                                                                                                                
   
           
7. What's the center of the inner ward?                                                                                         The center of the inner ward is to keep cattle 
8. How many entrances in the town wall? How are they protected?                                     There are 2 entrances, and protected by gate houses
9. Why did people move to towns?                                                                                          People moved to the town because there is a chance to start again and earn money or even become a lord 
10. What were the walls filled with?                                                                                         The walls are filled with gravel 
11. How are the windows designed, starting form the bottom to the top of the towers?                                                                                                     The windows is filled with glass, so enemy can't go through it 
12. What are the crenulations used for?                                                                      The crenulations are used for decorations 
13. Why are the gate houses not lined up from the inner to the outer wards?                                                                                                     They're not lined up from the inner to outer wards, so the enemy couldn't                                                                  get in 
14. How are the tower levels divided?                                                                                          It depends on the use of it
15. What defenses are in the gate house?                                                                In a gate house it block the entrance, allow soldiers to attack
16. What are the buildings made from?                                                                                     The building are made from stone 
17. What lived on the bottom floor of the barracks? The top?                                     The bottom floor are for soilders. The top floor is for lords
18. What is a garderobe?                                                                                                        A garderobe is a medival toilet
19. Why were nicer rooms higher in the tower?                                     The nicer rooms are higher so the attackers couldn't get in as easily

21. What was used to heat the rooms?                                                                 The fire was used to heat the rooms 

22. How many rooms were in the tower?                                                           There are 4 rooms

24. How did the peasants live?

         The peasants works

25. What was the main materials that was used to build medieval homes?     The main material is wood and stone 

26. What is wattle? What is daub?

       A wattle is used to make walls of peasant's home 

       A daub is a straw 

27. Why did people settle in towns?

        They settled in the town for protection

Citations

dictionary.com

Meal Project

                                                                     Group: Jessica, Carlos, and Myself

Whole Meal

Side dish- BCA hand pies 

Main dish- Chicken and Leek Pie 
Desert- French toast

Broccoli Alfredo Chicken Hand Pies

Ingredients

     Alfredo sauce

•  2 tbs of butter 
• 1 glove of garlic 
• 1 tbs of flour 
• 2 cups of heavy cream 
• 1/2 cup of fresh grated parmesan cheese 
• 1/2 dry parmesan cheese 
• salt and pepper
• 1/4 cup of sour cream

     Hand pies

• 1 tbs of oil
• 2 boneless, skinless chicken breasts
• 1 cup of steamed, diced broccoli 
• salt and pepper
• 3/4 cups of alfredo sauce 
• 1 pack of Pillsbury pie crust
• 1 egg whisked with 1 tbs of water ( for eggwash)

Directions

1. Alfredo:
2. Melt butter in a sauce pan on medium.
3. Add minced garlic and saute until fragrant. Sprinkle the flour over it and slowly add heavy cream WHILE whisking constantly. Heat through on medium heat, stirring.
4. Add sour cream, Parmesan cheeses, salt and pepper. Keep cooking on medium-low for about 5-7 minutes, stirring often.
5. Hand Pies:
6. Cook the chicken in a medium pan with some salt and pepper until completely done.
7. Dice the cooked chicken and mix it with steamed broccoli and Alfredo sauce.
8. Roll out the dough and cut them in half. Separate the chicken mixture between the four dough halves. Fold the hand pies and make sure to press the seams together (you can cut off the excess dough).
9. Preheat the oven to 350 and grease a baking sheet.
10. Brush the hand pies with egg wash and bake them for 20-25 minutes, until the pies are golden brown

Chicken and Leek Pie

Ingredients 

• 6 ounces short crust pastry
• chicken; about 4 pounds*
• sliced ham steak
• large leeks; cleaned and chopped
• 1 medium onion
• salt and pepper
• 1 pinch ground mace or nutmeg
• 1 1/4 Cups chicken stock
• 1/2 Cup heavy cream

Directions

1. Make the pastry and leave it in a cold place to rest.
2. Meanwhile prepare the pie. In a deep 1 - 1 1/2 quart dish, place layers of the chicken, the ham, leeks and onion or shallot, adding the mace, nutmeg and seasoning, then repeating the layers until the dish is full. Add the stock, then dampen the edges of the dish before rolling out the pastry to the required size and a thickness of about 1/4-inch.
3. Place the pastry over the pie and press the edges down well. Crimp them with a fork.
4. Make a small hole in the center. Roll out the scraps of pastry and form a leaf or rosette for the top. Place this very lightly over the small hole.
5. Brush the pastry with milk, and bake at moderate heat, 350 degrees F, for 25 to 30 minutes. Cover the pastry with damp grease-proof paper when partially cooked if the top seems to be getting too brown.
6. Gently heat the cream. When pie is cooked, remove from oven. Carefully lift off the rosette and pour the cream in through the hole. Put back the rosette and serve. (This pie forms a delicious soft jelly when cold.)

 French toast

Ingredients 

• 4slices bread (thick slices)
• 2eggs beaten
• 6 1⁄2milk 
• 1⁄2teaspoon cinnamon 
• 1 1⁄4tablespoons sugar
• oil (for frying)
• confectioners' sugar (to serve)
• cinnamon (to serve)

Directions 

1. Cut off the bread crusts and cut into quarters.
2. Be careful not to cut off your hand.
3. Place the bread in a deep dish.
4. Mix eggs with milk, cinnamon, and sugar in a bowl.
5. Pour the mixture over the bread and leave to soak for 3 minutes.
6. Heat the oil[¼ inch deep].
7. Drain the bread and slide it into the hot oil{Watch your hands as it spits}.
8. It would definitely be to your advantage to wear a gauntlet whilst performing this procedure.
9. Fry until golden brown on both sides.
10. Drain on medieval kitchen paper.
11. Sprinkle with confectioners’ sugar and ground cinnamon.

Citations:

http://www.food.com/recipe/poor-knights-18744

http://www.willcookforsmiles.com/2013/09/broccoli-chicken-alfredo-hand-pies.html

http://www.epicurus.com/food/recipes/chicken-and-leek-pie/1767/

The US Constitution

Vocab

1. Legislative-having the power to make laws
2. Herein-in this document or book
3. Attained-succeed in achieving ;something that one desires and has worked for
4. Enumeration-counting or reciting numbers or a numbered list
5. Indictment-a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
6. Legislature-the legislative body of a country or state
7. Quorum-the minimum number of members of an assembly or society that must be present at any of its meetings to make the proceedings of that meeting valid
8. Penalties-a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract
9. Expel-force someone to leave a place, especially a country
10. Tribunals-a court of justice
11. Prohibited-that has been forbidden; banned
12. Convene-come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble
13. Peaceably-not involving violence or fighting
14. Controversy-disagreement, typically when prolonged, public, and heated
15. Enumeration-complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection
16. Disparage-regard or represent as being of little worth
17. Servitude-the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful
18. Requisite-made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations
19. Inoperative-not working or taking effect
20. Abridged-curtail (rights or privileges)
21. Vacancy-an unoccupied position or job

Timeline of What led up to the US Constitution

• 1775- Revolutionary War begins. The 13 Colonies rebel against the Britain
• 1776- Declaration of Independence was written and approved by the Continental Congress
• 1781- Revolutionary War ends
  The Continental Congress agrees on the Articles of Confederation
  March 1, Continental Congress is replaced by the Congress of the Confederation, which forms the basis of the new US government
• 1786-  Representatives from five states meet at Annapolis, Maryland, to talk about interstate trade. Because so few representatives attend, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison call for another convention to be held in Philadelphia
• 1787- The Constitutional Convention begins on May 25, in Philadelphia. Fifty-five representatives attend and begin drafting the Constitution. On September 17, 1787, the convention comes to a close as the representatives signed the Constitution

CCCitations

• dictionary.com
• http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/creating-us-constitution-time-line

Comparison of The Magna Carta and

 The Us Constitutions

Difference

• Magna Carta was made in 1215 and the US Constitution was made in 1787
• Magna Carta was made in England, when the Costitution was in the United States
• The Magna Carta addresses issues related to the king 
• The constitution addresses issues of how to protect the liberties of individual citizens 

Similarities 

• Both documents sought to protect individual liberties nd to limit the powers of the govertments.
• Freedom of SpeechF
• Freedom to petion the King/The Goverment
• Citizens' right/Parliament's right to asemble peacefully
• Citizens' right to bear arms
• No standing army/no quartering of soldiers
• No excessive bail
• No cruel or unusual punishment

the Magna Carta

Vocab of the Magna Carta

1. Archbishop- the chief bishop responsible for an archdiocese

2. Baron- a person who held lands or property from the sovereign or a powerful overlord

3. Justicaries- the chief political and judicial officer of the Norman and later kings of England until the 13th century

4. Liege-  concerned with or relating to the relationship between a feudal superior and a vassal

5. Rectifying- convert

6. Inheritance-a thing that is inherited

7. Heir-a person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death

8. Aforesaid-denoting a thing or person previously mentioned

9. Amends-reparation or compensation

10. Fief-an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service

11. Wainage-produce derived from agriculture

12. Bailiffs-a person who performs certain actions under legal authority, in particular

13. Debtor-a person or institution that owes a sum of money

14. Sureties-a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking

15. Scutage-money paid by a vassal to his lord in lieu of military service

16. Ransoming-obtain the release of a prisoner by making a payment demanded

17. Levied-impose

18. Tenement-a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments

19. Disseisin-action to recover lands

20. Ecclesiastical-of or relating to the Christian Church or its clergy

21. Wapentakes-a subdivision of certain northern and midland English counties

22. Kinsfolk-a group of people related by blood

23. Lieu-instead

24. Dwell-live in or at a specified place

25. Henceforth-from this time on or from that time on

26. Sureties-a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, for example their appearing in court or the payment of a debt

27. Bailiwicks-one's sphere of operations or particular area of interest

28. Disafforestation-english law to reduce land 

29. Reckoning-the action or process of calculating or estimating something

30. Revoked-put an end to the validity or operation of a decree, decision, or promise

31. Arisen-emerge; become apparent

32. Quarrel-an angry argument or disagreement, typically between people who are usually on good terms

What led up to the signing of the Magna Carta

• In 1205, King John  had an arument with the Pope Innocent III about who should be archbishop of Canterbury. The Pope wanted a man named Stephen Langton to be archbishop, but King John promised he should never come to England
• In 1209, The pope fought back and officially excluded King John and banned all church services in all parish churches
• King John gave in, and Pope Innocent made the king and people pay him money whenever he demanded it
• Taxes imposed by King John were way too high. His act of retaliation  against defaulters were ruthless and his idea justice was considered greedy
• In 1212, King John imposes taxes on the Barons in his attempts to regain the lost lands of Aquitaine, Poitou and Anjou
• King John had an argument with the Barons over his methods of ruling England
• The Barons and Stephen Langton decided to restrain the King and make him rule by the old English laws that had succeeded before the Normans came. The demands of the Barons were documented in the 'Articles of the Barons' in January 1215
• The Barons prepared to fight against King John
• The Barons captured London in May 1215
• In June the Barons, in full armor, took King John by surprise at Windsor and he agreed to a meeting at Runnymede
• King John signed and closed the document on June 10, 1215
• The barons renewed the Oath of Fealty to King John on June 15, 1215
• The royal chancery produced a formal royal grant, based on the agreements reached at Runnymede, which became known as Magna Carta
• Copies of the Magna Carta were distributed to bishops, sheriffs and other important people throughout England

Citations

• dictionary.com
• http://law.jrank.org/pages/12301/Magna-Carta-Events-leading-Magna-Carta.html